IoT-Enabled Smart Parking Framework with Electric Vehicle Charging Demonstration

As cities deal with more cars, finding a parking spot has turned from a small annoyance into a major cause of traffic jams and pollution. Past research has used sensors, such as infrared and ultrasonic tools, to determine whether a car is parked in a spot or to monitor the entrances and exits. However, many of these older projects only perform one function at a time, such as checking for empty spots, while ignoring automatic gates or the need for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. This project is different because it integrates all these features into a single system, which is run by an ESP32 microcontroller. Unlike basic models, this system divides parking spots into two groups: one for fuel cars and another for electric vehicles. It shows exactly how many spots are left for each type on a simple screen. Most importantly, the system does more than just watch the spots; it uses an automatic gate that opens and closes on its own and even shows a basic method for charging electric cars. By combining smart parking with a charging test, this project offers a cheap and useful way to build better parking systems for future cities.