Development of a Highly Sensitive ³¹ P{ ¹ H} NMR-Based Method for Trace-Level Detection of Alkylphosphonic Acids as Environmental Markers of Deadly Nerve Agents

H} NMR signatures at trace levels in aqueous matrices. The key experimental approach of the developed method is unique and in line with the requirements of OPTs of OPCW, with an achievable detection limit of APAs at ≥1.0 μg/mL levels in complex environmental matrices. The developed method is of great relevance, especially in CWC verification and forensic analysis of APAs at trace levels.