Exploring New Frontiers with Immunotherapy: A Comprehensive Treatment Approach for Primary Cervical Melanoma

Malignant melanoma (MM) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm that primarily affects the skin and mucous membranes, accounting for 2% of all newly diagnosed cancers. In women, 3%–7% of these cases occur within the genital tract, with the vulva and vagina being the most common sites. However, primary MM of the uterine cervix is extremely uncommon, with an incidence five times lower than that of vaginal or vulvar melanomas, and fewer than 100 cases have been reported worldwide. Due to its rarity and the challenges associated with diagnosis, a standardized treatment protocol has yet to be established. Current management typically involves radical hysterectomy, regional lymphadenectomy, and adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemoradiation, but the prognosis remains poor and unpredictable. Here, we present the case of a 62-year-old postmenopausal female with primary cervical melanoma who was successfully treated with a combination of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and immunotherapy followed by surgery. This novel approach resulted in an excellent response to treatment, offering promising insights for the future management of this rare malignancy.