Sharing a Husband: Women's Lived Experiences of Sexual Health and Rights in Polygynous Unions of Northern Nigeria

Background Polygynous marriages are a common cultural practice in northern Nigeria, deeply rooted in religious and traditional norms. However, these unions often pose unique challenges for women, particularly in managing sexual health, navigating power dynamics and fostering effective communication among women in polygynous marital unions. Objectives This study aims to explore the lived experiences of women in northern Nigeria who are in polygynous marital unions, in relation to their sexual health and rights. Materials and Methods Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 24 purposively selected women from Hausa Muslim communities in Sokoto State. Thematic analysis identified key themes, with interviews conducted in Hausa for participant comfort and later translated into English for analysis. Participants, aged 26–48 years, described complex negotiations around sexual health, with the uwar gida (senior wife) often playing a central role in decision‐making. Results The 24 participants described complex sexual health negotiations in polygynous unions, influenced by co‐wife dynamics. The uwar gida played a central role in decision‐making. Jealousy and lack of cooperation among co‐wives hindered collective health efforts, leading to recurring infections and unresolved health issues. However, some women reported successful collaboration and mutual support, often facilitated by senior wives or their husbands. Education and improved healthcare access emerged as critical strategies for addressing these challenges and fostering healthier relationships and better health outcomes in polygynous marital unions. Conclusion The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare providers and community leaders seeking to support women in polygynous marital settings. By addressing structural and interpersonal barriers, this study contributes to creating healthier and more equitable family environments.