Candidate mechanisms of caffeine improving memory dysfunction

Caffeine is the most common psycho-stimulant that is broadly known to cause peripheral effects. Caffeine is well known as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Adenosine receptors are present in all areas of the brain, which makes caffeine's effects very prevalent. The main goal of this review is to summarize recent studies that are investigating the mechanism of action of acute and chronic caffeine treatment of to alleviate the cognitive deficits and synaptic plasticity. This review discusses the effect of caffeine on the brain functions including learning and memory, and synaptic plasticity in case of various diseases.