Barriers to Lean Construction Implementation in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review

Despite its potential to eliminate high material waste and improve productivity, Lean Construction (LC) adoption in Indonesia remains stagnant. This study identifies the primary barriers to LC implementation through a Systematic Literature Review of publications from 2016–2026. Using thematic analysis, the research categorizes inhibitors into four dimensions: Cultural/HR, Technical/Managerial, Financial, and Structural/Contractual. The results indicate that cultural resistance and low Lean literacy are the most significant hurdles, followed by fragmented procurement models. This paper proposes a sociotechnical transition that integrates BIM with local cooperative values (Gotong Royong). The findings provide a strategic foundation for policymakers to develop standardized Lean procurement regulations and curriculum reforms to enhance the sustainability of the Indonesian construction industry.