The composition and purpose of the main types of engineering surveys for construction are discussed including engineering-ecological surveys. It is explained that the soil massif should be considered as an ecological-geological system, which is a specific volume of the lithosphere containing biota that functions within it and on its surface. The composition and structure of this system, and the position of the lithospheric block as a lithotope in the structure of the ecosystem are described. Ecological functions of the lithosphere and types of geologic indicators studied in the process of engineering-ecological surveys and assessment of ecological-geological systems and ecosystems are discussed. The role of geologic objects, including significance of modern geologic processes within the context of modern engineering-ecological surveying is also evaluated.
В. Т. Трофимов (Sun,) studied this question.