Morphometric Analysis of the Talocrural Joint and Lateral Ankle Ligament Complex in Human Cadavers: A Population-Specific Study

Background: Chronic ankle instability is a common musculoskeletal condition associated with recurrent sprains and functional impairment. Morphological variations in the talocrural joint and lateral ankle ligaments play a significant role in determining joint stability. However, population-specific anatomical data remain limited in the Indian population. Objective: To evaluate the morphometric characteristics of the talocrural joint and lateral ankle ligaments in cadaveric specimens and establish baseline anatomical reference values. Methods: This observational cadaveric study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Tantia University, Rajasthan, India, using preserved adult human lower limb specimens of Indian origin. Dissection of the ankle region was performed to expose the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). Morphometric parameters including ligament length, thickness, and attachment characteristics were measured using digital Vernier calipers. Bilateral analysis was carried out. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The ATFL demonstrated the highest variability in length and thickness, indicating structural predisposition to injury. The CFL showed relatively consistent morphology, while the PTFL was the thickest and most stable ligament. Minor side-to-side variations were observed. The findings establish population-specific morphometric ranges for lateral ankle ligaments. Conclusion: Significant morphological variability exists in the lateral ankle ligament complex. These findings provide baseline anatomical data for the Indian population, with implications for clinical diagnosis, surgical planning, and rehabilitation strategies.