Strategic integration of energy system intelligence and resilience: A phased hybrid multi-criteria decision-making framework

• A “data-technology-physics” framework integrating intelligence and resilient energy systems. • A systematically integrated DEMATEL-ISM-ANP hybrid MCDM framework. • Analyzed strategic decisions from a phased short- and long-term perspective. • Identified distributed flexibility resources and incentives as key to short-term resilience. • Recognized technology empowerment and standard construction as key to long-term resilience. The global energy system is confronted with the dual challenges of surging demand and structural transformation. A smart energy system (SES), while improving economic efficiency and renewable energy accommodation, also introduces new vulnerabilities. Firstly, with the objective of systematically enhancing SES resilience, this study constructs a three-dimensional conceptual framework, composed of a data layer, an intelligent technology layer, and a physical layer. A total of 18 key enablers are identified. Then, the hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method is adopted to perform a systematic analysis of the causality, hierarchical structure, and weight priorities between factors. On this basis, the key roles of various factors are explored from the perspective of short- and long-term phased strategic planning. The findings of this study identify distributed flexibility resources and incentive policies as the core driving factors that enhance short-term resilience. Technology empowerment and standard construction constitute the key hubs in the transmission of long-term resilience. Data reliability, data security, and sustainable multi-resource integration serve as the direct manifestations of system resilience. This study provides both a phased resilience enhancement strategy for policymakers and a scalable methodological framework for research on the resilience of complex systems.