An overview of high current (>1 mA) negative hydrogen ion (H ^– ) sources that are currently used on particle accelerators. The current understanding of how H ^– ions are produced is summarised. Issues relating to caesium usage are explored. The different ways of expressing emittance and beam currents are clarified. Source technology naming conventions are defined and generalised descriptions of each source technology are provided. Examples of currently operating sources are outlined, with their current status and future outlook given. A comparative table is provided.
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Faircloth et al. (2017) studied this question.
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