activation introduced oxygenated groups and mesopores, yielding 219 F/g with the best rate capability (69.8%). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the lowest resistance for KOH-activated CNS, consistent with its superior double-layer capacitance. This study demonstrates that activation strategy governs pore structure, surface chemistry, and charge storage, providing guidelines for tailoring nanocarbon electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors.
Gupta et al. (2026) studied this question.
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