Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) enables regional monitoring of ground deformation, but operational geohazard analysis remains challenged by atmospheric artefacts, temporal decorrelation, and the need for scalable interpretation of multi-temporal products. A systematic review was conducted through searches in Scopus and Web of Science, resulting in 135 peer-reviewed scientific articles on the integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) with multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR). The literature is dominated by applications to landslides and land subsidence, with additional studies addressing volcanic unrest and other deformation-related hazards. Persistent Scatterer (PS) and Small-Baseline Subset (SBAS) approaches are frequently used to derive deformation time series, which are then coupled with ML/DL for the detection and mapping of active phenomena and for short-horizon forecasting. Convolutional architectures, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), are commonly reported for spatial recognition tasks, while recurrent models like Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are often applied to time-series prediction. Reported benefits include improved automation and predictive performance, although sensitivity to noise sources remains a challenge. Overall, the evidence supports AI-enabled InSAR workflows for scalable geohazard monitoring, while highlighting the need for standardized benchmarks and systematic transferability assessment. This review provides a roadmap for transitioning from research prototypes to operational early-warning systems.
Alonso-Díaz et al. (2026) studied this question.