Key result
New clinical pathway guides early identification and management of ICI-induced cardiomyotoxicity based on 5 patients.
Why the study?
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiomyotoxicity, or triple M syndrome, is a severe consequence occurring in up to 1%-2% of treated patients with mortality up to 50%, prompting the need for a clinical guide.
Case Report (n=5)
No
The authors present a case series of 5 patients and propose an institutional clinical pathway for the early identification and management of severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiomyotoxicity.
Hypothesis-generating pathway for early ICI cardiomyotoxicity; leaves open need for multicenter validation before adoption.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have revolutionised the management of a range of malignancies. However, the syndrome of ICI induced cardiomyotoxicity, also reported as triple "M" syndrome (myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis) is an unfortunate severe consequence in up to 1%-2% of patients receiving ICI, with an associated mortality of up to 50%. Based on international evidence and local experience, we have developed a clinical pathway in our institution as a guide to the early identification and targeted management of this condition.
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Xie et al. (2026) conducted a case report in Immune checkpoint inhibitor cardiomyotoxicity (n=5). Clinical management algorithm was evaluated. A clinical pathway for the early identification and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiomyotoxicity, a condition with up to 50% mortality, was developed based on 5 patients.
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