Digitalization has emerged as a transformative force in higher education, reshaping teaching–learning processes, institutional administration, research practices, and student engagement. The adoption of digital technologies such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), virtual laboratories, artificial intelligence, and digital libraries has significantly enhanced accessibility, flexibility, and quality of education. This paper examines the role of digitalization in higher education with special reference to teaching and learning innovations, research and administrative efficiency, government digital initiatives, and student outcomes. Digital platforms enable learner-centric, flexible, and personalized education, overcoming geographical and socio-economic barriers. The study also highlights the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of digitalization, emphasizing its alignment with national and global educational goals, including inclusive and outcome-based education. The findings suggest that effective implementation of digital technologies can strengthen higher education systems and improve global competitiveness.
Tutare et al. (Thu,) studied this question.