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Study incorporates immune, inflammatory, and coagulation biomarkers for prognosis in bladder cancer, suggesting improved risk assessment.
< 0.001).ConclusionWe developed and validated a novel nomogram that integrates multidimensional immune microenvironmental, systemic inflammatory, and coagulation biomarkers. This model provides a practical tool for prognostic assessment and risk stratification in bladder cancer patients following surgery.
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Li et al. (2026) studied this question.
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