Digital Twin Models for Green Synthesis Reactions: A New Paradigm in Chemistry Education

The integration of advanced digital technologies is rapidly reshaping chemistry education in higher education institutions. While laboratory-based learning remains central to developing chemical understanding, emerging tools such as artificial intelligence and simulation platforms offer new opportunities to enhance conceptual clarity, accessibility, and sustainability in laboratory instruction. In particular, the teaching of green synthesis reactions demands approaches that allow learners to explore reaction pathways, safety constraints, and sustainability metrics in a controlled and repeatable manner. Traditional chemistry laboratories often face limitations related to safety risks, high operational costs, restricted access to equipment, and limited opportunities for repeated experimentation. These challenges can reduce student engagement and constrain deeper understanding of reaction optimization and sustainable chemical practices. As a result, there is a need for innovative instructional models that complement physical laboratories while supporting outcome-based learning. This study proposes the use of digital twin models for teaching green synthesis reactions as a new paradigm in chemistry education. The approach involves creating virtual replicas of chemical reaction systems that allow learners to manipulate reaction parameters and observe outcomes within an interactive digital environment. A conceptual and framework-based methodology is adopted, integrating AI-supported simulation, automated feedback, and learning analytics to support adaptive learning. The proposed model is expected to enhance conceptual understanding, promote sustainability-oriented thinking, and improve learner engagement through risk-free and iterative experimentation. The framework aligns with the objectives of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 by supporting digital competency, learner-centered pedagogy, and future-ready chemistry education.