Finds efficient tap water softening with reduced scaling and lower electricity demands, suggesting a sustainable method.
. This value surpasses previously reported values for electrochemical tap water softening. Furthermore, the strategy mitigated cathode scaling from 65.0% to 29.3% while cutting electricity demand by 35.0% for the same removal duty. Overall, Lorentz-driven bidirectional mass transfer offers an efficient, economically viable, and sustainable route to long-term electrochemical tap water softening.
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Lu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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