An Integrated Graphene-MXene Electrochemical Transistor Array Platform for Accurate Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Using Plasma sEV-Derived E2F5 Biomarker.

exosomes/ml) and detection time within 30 min. Further, dielectrophoresis (DEP) enabled in situ exosome enrichment is integrated, enabling direct analysis of clinical samples without ultracentrifugation. Most importantly, the efficacy of E2F5 as an exosomal protein has been validated for accurate PC diagnosis in all patient cohorts. Multiple features have been extracted from the sensor response and analyzed using an ensemble classification method. Interestingly, the outcomes reveal that the sensor successfully distinguished BPH from HCs with appreciable accuracy of 91.11% and shows similar diagnostic performance with lower grade PC, higher grade PC, and healthy patients.