Recent Advances in Oxime: Sustainable Synthesis, Radical Transformations, and Emerging Applications

Oximes, characterized by the C=N–OH functional group, represent a versatile and rapidly evolving class of nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Traditionally regarded as simple derivatives of aldehydes and ketones, oximes have recently emerged as key intermediates in radical chemistry, directing-group-assisted C–H functionalization, electrosynthesis, photochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and dynamic covalent systems. Recent, substantial progress has been achieved in sustainable synthetic methodologies, photoredox-mediated radical generation, catalytic cross-coupling, agrochemical applications, and supramolecular assemblies. This review provides a comprehensive account of recent developments in oxime chemistry, with emphasis on mechanistic insights, catalytic innovation, and interdisciplinary applications.