Liquid Crystal Monomers and Their Perturbations in Transplacental Transfer: Potential Impacts on Maternal-Offspring Health.

models to assess their potential reproductive and developmental effects. Current evidence suggests that LCM exposure during pregnancy may pose risks to maternal-offspring health through mechanisms such as endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, altered intracellular signaling, and immune-inflammatory crosstalk. These findings underscore the need for mechanistic studies and regulatory attention to LCM exposure risks during pregnancy, offering insights into human exposure, transplacental transfer, and related toxicities.