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This research aims to investigate the thermal performance of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module under various design and operating parameters.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of forced air-cooling parameters on temperature distribution at lithium-ion battery module

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This research aims to investigate the thermal performance of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module under various design and operating parameters.
Numerical and experimental approaches were utilized to analyze thermal behavior.
Six critical parameters were examined: fan speed, ambient temperature, discharge rate, air outlet positions, and inter-cell spacing.
An Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) validated with experimental data was employed for accurate modeling.
Increased fan speed resulted in reduced battery cell temperatures up to 4000 rpm, with minimal change beyond that.
Higher ambient temperatures led to increased cell temperatures and decreased voltage.
The top-outlet configuration provided the best thermal performance with maximum temperatures of 36.75 °C and a temperature difference of 6.78 °C.

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Experimental and numerical investigation reveals how air-cooling parameters affect lithium-ion battery temperatures, suggesting design improvements.

Özbektaş et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Experimental and numerical investigation reveals how air-cooling parameters affect lithium-ion battery temperatures, suggesting design improvements.