Efficient energy management and enhanced power quality in multi-storage microgrid using optimized controller

The energy industry is increasingly emphasizing renewable energy sources for the environmental benefits, energy security, and cost-effectiveness. Microgrids (MG) are important to combine these sources and guarantee the quality of power systems, their reliability, and efficiency. Fuel cells (FCs), especially developed in MG, are simple, efficient, and modular, but have issues such as high temperature. In order to address this, researchers propose to combine energy storage technologies such as batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). The integration of batteries and SC enhances system efficiency, mitigates FC limitations, and optimizes performance in hybrid energy systems, fostering sustainability and resilience in energy landscapes. This research presents a cutting-edge approach to MG energy management and power-quality enhancement, combining SC, batteries, and FCs. The proposed approach involves the application of differential evolution mutation, leopard seal optimization, and multi-strategy enhanced location to do the robust parameter tuning, which significantly enhances the performance of the system. This fractional controller, applied to the inverter, ensures efficient operation with minimized stress in the hybrid energy storage system, improved battery state of charge, reduced harmonics, as well as enhanced overall system efficacy. The proposed technique is evaluated using both experimental and MATLAB platforms and compared with other approaches. The proposed approach achieves a maximum voltage regulation of 11%, while the external energy maximization system achieves 3.7%. Also, fractional controller with advanced optimization, achieving superior performance in DC-link voltage (±0.15 V), SC and battery current regulation (±0.1 and ±0.05 A), and minimal frequency deviation (–1.4 Hz).