A Decade-Long Journey of Nanotechnology in Cambodia (2015–2025): Emerging Opportunities and Challenges for Research and Innovation

This preprint examines the development of nanotechnology in Cambodia between 2015 and 2025 within the broader context of ASEAN innovation systems. Using qualitative policy analysis supported by secondary data from international organisations (OECD, World Bank, UNESCO) and bibliometric indicators, the study evaluates Cambodia’s current nanotechnology landscape, identifies structural constraints, and proposes strategic pathways for future development. Unlike regional leaders such as Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, Cambodia remains at an early stage of nanotechnology development, characterised by limited infrastructure, fragmented research systems, and heavy dependence on external funding. Keywords ASEAN innovation systems; biomass nanomaterials; Cambodia; circular economy; nanotechnology; sustainable development.