The mechanisms of regulatory T cells in the immune microenvironment of multiple myeloma and clinical significance

Multiple Myeloma is a malignant hematologic disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells. Its pathogenesis involves a variety of complex factors, with particular attention given to the immune regulatory mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Research indicates that the immunosuppressive microenvironment provides a protective barrier for the survival and progression of MM cells. In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs), as key immunosuppressive cells within the TME, play a crucial role in the tumor immune tolerance network. Through interactions with various immune cells and tumor-associated factors, Tregs participate in the regulation of MM-related signaling pathways and mediate tumor angiogenesis, thereby promoting immune evasion of MM cells. This review aims to explore the specific roles and clinical significance of Tregs in the immune mechanisms of MM.