Non-surgical Management of Neoplastic and Inflammatory Conditions of the Airway.

Inflammatory and neoplastic conditions of the pediatric airway can result in significant respiratory and vocal impairment. The pediatric airway is inherently small; thus, even minor obstruction results in an exponential increase in resistance to airflow and can quickly lead to life-threatening airway compromise. The broad range of severity and symptom manifestation requires comprehensive history, examination, and endoscopic evaluation to accurately diagnose these conditions. Surgical intervention is often required for diagnosis and management; however, advances in nonsurgical therapies have greatly enhanced outcomes and reduced the need for operative intervention. This article reviews nonsurgical management strategies for several key airway conditions.