Does percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty successfully dilate stenotic arteries and improve cardiac function in patients with coronary artery stenosis?
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is a feasible nonoperative technique that significantly reduces coronary artery stenosis and pressure gradients in selected patients, particularly those with single-vessel disease.
In percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, a catheter system is introduced through a systemic artery under local anesthesia to dilate a stenotic artery by controlled inflation of a distensible balloon. Over the past 18 months, we have used this technic in 50 patients. The technic was successful in 32 patients, reducing the stenosis from a mean of 84 to 34 per cent (P less than 0.001) and the coronary-pressure gradient from a mean of 58 to 19 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). Twenty-nine patients showed improvement in cardiac function during follow-up examination. Because of acute deterioration in clinical status, emergency bypass was later necessary in five patients; three showed electrocardiographic evidence of infarcts. Patients with single-vessel disease appear to be most suitable for the procedure, and a short history of pain indicates the presence of a soft (distensible) atheroma likely to respond to dilatation. We estimate that only about 10 to 15 per cent of candidates for bypass surgery have lesions suitable for this procedure. A prospective randomized trial will be necessary to evaluate its usefulness in comparison with surgical and medical management.
Grüntzig et al. (1979) studied this question.