Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a prevalent global yet local environmental challenge characterized by increased surface and air temperatures in urban areas compared to adjacent rural regions. Impervious surfaces drive land surface temperature (LST) rise, while extreme heat endangers urban populations, causing deaths, health issues, economic losses, high energy use, and air pollution. Urban microclimate can be moderated by urban green spaces (UGS) as part of nature-based solutions (NBS), but their impact is complex due to various climatic and landscape factors. Satellite remote sensing, especially thermal infrared, has transformed urban climate research by enabling spatial and temporal analysis of surface temperatures, making it essential for assessing urban environmental quality. Motivated by aforesaid challenges and advances in thermal remote sensing, this thesis examines UGS to improve interventions and reduce heat stress. This thesis addresses key challenges in urban thermal climatology, including environmental interactions with temperature, landscape impacts on heat stress, urban morphology, and city-scale vegetation cooling variations. Using satellite remote sensing and novel machine learning (ML) methods, it advances the analysis of time-series open geo-datasets. In this work, the lesser-known details about UGS and their interplay with the climate are explored in the following ways: (i) developing an integrated framework designed based on multiple environmental and demographic factors influencing urban thermal stress; (ii) assessing the relative influence of land use type on surface thermal alterations to acknowledge the land use change impacts; and (iii) quantifying the contribution of urban morphology and landscape design towards LST at the neighborhood scale while analyzing the cooling benefits of UGS concerning local urban morphology and climate across multiple cities along a latitudinal gradient. These case studies contribute to state-of-the-art knowledge on approaches for analyzing UGS and its interactions with multiple thermal and climatic factors in diverse urban contexts, ultimately leading to sustainable green urban planning.
Priyanka Rao (Wed,) studied this question.