might contribute to stabilizing with Pt5-1c to promote endothelial cell migration and expression of angiogenesis markers (CD31, VEGF); while Fe-Cur and Pt5-1c jointly induced M2 polarization of macrophages and effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species, with an 86.75% DPPH radical scavenging rate. Furthermore, this coating exhibited dual functions of direct osteogenesis and immune-regulated osteogenesis, synergistically promoting osteoblastic differentiation with core osteogenic genes (ALP, OCN, COL1a1, RUNX2) upregulated by more than 2.5-fold through multiple pathways including activation of innate immune response regulation, sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity, and glutathione metabolism. In rat subcutaneous infection and femoral defect models, this coating demonstrated significant anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pro-angiogenic, and pro-osteogenic effects. This study has proposed a novel strategy for fabricating functionally integrated titanium implant coatings with the capacity for synergistic microenvironmental modulation.
Shen et al. (Wed,) studied this question.