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Review evaluates a grading system for venous congestion to predict acute kidney injury risk in patients.
A scoring tool utilizing pulse-wave doppler waveforms of the hepatic vein, portal vein, and interlobar renal veins to assess for venous congestion after identifying an inferior vena cava measuring > 2cm. It has been developed to evaluate patients at risk for cardiorenal syndrome and has been demonstrated to predict likelihood for developing acute kidney injury.
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J W Warren (2026) studied this question.
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