Magnetic Graphene for High-Performance Isolation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes via Ca²⁺-Dependent Reversible Recognition.

experiments confirmed that BMSC-Exos isolated via TIM4@MGO markedly promoted L929 cell proliferation and accelerated scratch wound healing. Proteomic profiling further revealed that BMSC-Exos isolated by TIM4@MGO were significantly enriched in proteins associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and the TNF signaling pathway, implying their potential role in fibrosis regulation. In a mouse pulmonary fibrosis model, compared with those isolated by ultracentrifugation and polyethylene glycol precipitation methods, TIM4@MGO-isolated BMSC-Exos exerted superior therapeutic efficacy in mitigating lung tissue structural damage and attenuating fibrotic progression. Collectively, this study establishes a high-efficiency, high-purity, and reusable exosome isolation technique, offering robust technical support for both fundamental research and the clinical translation of BMSC-Exo therapeutics.