Orbital myeloid sarcoma as the first manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia in a pediatric patient: case report.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells that may occur in association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is more common in children than in adults, and the orbit represents one of the most frequent sites of involvement. When MS presents as an isolated lesion or precedes the diagnosis of AML, accurate diagnosis may be challenging, potentially delaying treatment and adversely affecting prognosis. We report a case of orbital myeloid sarcoma as the initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia in a previously healthy pediatric patient with a rapidly progressive clinical course. poses diagnostic challenges. Early recognition is essential to avoid treatment delay and improve prognosis.