Nanoparticles Applications: For Environmental Friendliness, And Cost Effectiveness, Sustainable Agriculture

Food security has become a critical concern in globe due to the rise in human population and the current climate change crisis. Usage of conventional agrochemicals to maximize crop yields has resulted in the degradation of fertile soil, environmental pollution as well as human and agro ecosystem health risks. Due to use of different chemical fertilizers, pesticides and, other agrochemicals products for increasing crop yield have adverse effect on biodiversity, soil fertility, and in turn on the ecosystems. Recently, nanoparticles have been recognized as potential fertilizers with properties that make them more absorbable and readily available for plant use than their bulk counterpart. Nanoparticles are gaining a reputation in the field of agriculture for the remediation of soil degradation in a sustainable way. The application of nanoscaled nutrient elements such as silver, zinc, copper, iron, titanium, magnesium and calcium as fertilizers and utilizing green synthesized nanomaterials as one of the ways to palliate the use of environmentally toxic chemicals in the cropping system and discusses the various benefits of nanoparticles, ranging from plant growth stimulation to defence against pathogens. Nanoparticles (NPs) due to their compact size, ease of transport, ease of handling, long shelf life, and high efficiency make it the preferred choice of farmers over other conventional products. In depth, it delts with negative and positive impact of nanoparticles on different crops, water treatment for irrigation purposes, nanocarriers and fertilizers, nanoparticles for plant protection Nanoinsecticides, Nanopesticides, Nanofungicides, Nanoherbicides, Nanobactericides, Nanosensors, slow or controlled release fertilizers, clay nanotubes and Nanobarcodes have been applied in multiplexed bioassays and general encoding in biological and nonbiological applications.