Prothrombotic Biomarkers Are Not Altered by Wood Smoke: A Pilot Controlled Exposure Study

) or filtered air for 2 h. Plasma samples were then used to assess markers of endogenous procoagulant activity: cellular activation (tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles, TF + EVs), thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), fibrin formation/breakdown (D-dimer), and thrombin generation potential. No significant differences in TF + EVs, TATs, D-dimer, or thrombin generation parameters were detected between WS- or filtered air-exposed individuals. Although females had significantly higher TATs and D-dimers, and slightly but non-significantly shorter thrombin generation lag times than males, there were no significant differences between WS- or air-exposed males or females in any measurements. These data suggest that acute WS exposure does not increase prothrombotic biomarkers in plasma.