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Investigates the link between morphological complexity and abundance discrepancies in planetary nebulae, suggesting a deeper understanding of their chemical composition.
We investigate the persistent problem of the Abundance Discrepancy Factor (ADF) in planetary nebulae (PNe) by proposing a link to the nebula's dynamical history. We introduce a weighted Complexity Index (C) and demonstrate a statistically significant non-linear relationship between structural chaos and chemical anomalies. Our findings suggest that morphological complexity is a reliable proxy for cold, metal-rich inclusions, likely driven by binary stellar evolution.
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Olexandr Olegovich Kurmanchuk (2026) studied this question.
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