This study aims to improve the performance and emission characteristics of E25 (a blend of 25% ethanol and 75% gasoline) fuel using a single–cylinder, air-cooled spark-ignition engine through the implementation of a dual fuel system. The research employed the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the Box–Behnken Design (BBD) to investigate and simulate interactions among three primary factors: LPG, E25, and engine speed. An experimental engine with a displacement of 392 cm 3 and a compression ratio of 8.5:1 was tested to evaluate engine performance and emissions. The objective was to improve brake power (BP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) while reducing brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and emissions of CO, HC, and NO x . The results showed statistically significant response models ( p 0.0001), with optimal performance achieved at 26% LPG, 74% E25, and an engine speed of 3000 rpm. Under these conditions, the engine delivered a brake power of 7.20 kW, brake thermal efficiency of 34.11%, brake-specific fuel consumption of 0.286 kg/kWh, and emissions of CO (0.37%), HC (195.5 ppm), and NO x (1208 ppm). These findings indicate that LPG has beneficial effects on combustion efficiency and emissions by compensating for the lower energy density of ethanol in ethanol–gasoline blends. The results reveal that LPG–E25 dual-fuel system provides a feasible approach to mitigating environmental effects while ensuring engine performance and can serve as a more environmentally friendly and efficient option compared to conventional gasoline blends.
Hussen et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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