Catalytic Conversion of Lower Olefins to Aromatics Using Zeolite‐Based Catalysts

Aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) are essential building blocks for producing a wide range of products like polymers and specialty chemicals. Production of these aromatics relies mainly on fossil‐based feedstocks, and owing to the disadvantages associated with using these feedstocks, a range of different feeds have been studied. Lower hydrocarbons, such as C 2 –C 4 olefins, have gained significant attention as alternate feedstock for aromatic production and may be produced from non‐fossil feeds such as lignocellulosic biomass. This review focuses on the advancements in aromatization of lower olefins, emphasizing catalyst development and the role of acidity, metal promotion, morphology, etc., on the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism, thermodynamics, and kinetic aspects of the process will be discussed along with the effect of various reaction parameters, such as temperature, partial pressure, space velocity, pretreatment conditions, etc., on BTX yields to provide an overview of the key factors responsible for the aromatization process.