Mandibular Marginal Osteomyelitis Secondary to Second Molar Pericoronitis in a Pediatric Patient

Pediatric osteomyelitis of the jaw is predominantly non-odontogenic in origin, typically arising from hematogenous spread. This case report presents a rare case of mandibular marginal osteomyelitis secondary to second molar pericoronitis in a child, clinically manifesting as facial swelling, induration, and trismus. The pediatric patient was treated with a combined regimen of systemic antimicrobial therapy and localized surgical intervention. At the 12-month follow-up, near-anatomical remodeling of the affected mandible was achieved, accompanied by restoration of mouth opening to physiological limits. This case report indicates that early diagnosis and intervention of pediatric mandibular marginal osteomyelitis arising from second molar pericoronitis are critical to prevent mandibular deformities, pathological fractures, and facial asymmetry. Furthermore, prophylactic extraction of third molar tooth germs and contralateral pericoronal pocket excision during surgery may reduce recurrence.