Reporting Patient Safety Events and Associated Factors among Nurses Working in Public Hospitals in Lebanon

Objectives: This cross-sectional study identified patient safety events (PSEs) that were reported or witnessed but not reported among nurses working in all 28 public hospitals in Lebanon during 2023. Materials and Methods: Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to all eligible nurses, including nurse leaders, registered nurses, and practical nurses, who had worked for at least 6 months in 26 hospitals that agreed to participate in this study. Results: Among 764 respondents, 58.4% never reported any PSE during 2023, while 28.8% of nurses reported a low PSE rate (1–2 events), and 12.8% reported a moderate one (3–4 events). Among those who had never reported an event, 82.7% (n = 687) had actually witnessed such an event but did not report it. In a multivariate logistic regression model, the reporting rate among those who ever witnessed a PSE was significantly lower among nurses who obtained PS courses during their years of studies, among those working for more than 11 h per day, and those who worked in hospitals with no periodic safety training. Conclusion: In Lebanon, reporting PSE is still of great concern and requires continued monitoring. Theoretical training prior to entering the field of practice seems to be less determining than actual organizational structures supporting PS culture. In countries like Lebanon, where employees remain in a position of weakness, the use of a national online reporting system in which participation is voluntary and anonymous seems to be an ideal solution.