Design oligonucleotide-based nanomachine for the detection of food-borne, endocarditis bacterial and their drug delivery application

Intelligent nanomachines integrating biological and synthetic components offer transformative potential for precision medicine. We report the design and development of a biohybrid DNA nanostucture for the simultaneous detection Salmonella enterica and bloodstream Streptococci. The nanostucture operates as a logic-gated system: only upon the simultaneous presence of two specific bacterial RNA markers does a toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction occur. We demonstrate the efficacy of this platform through specific RNA target recognition, achieving detection in the nanomolar range with high selectivity. Furthermore, we show targeted drug release in a bacterial model. This versatile theranostic platform can be adapted for the detection and treatment of a wide range of microbial pathogens and cancerous cells.