Comparative Study of Perovskite Thin Film Solar Cells: Effect of Perovskite Absorber Layer Thickness Variations in Electrical Parameters

In this work, we have study the FTO/ZnO/CH₃NH₃SnI₃/Cu₂O/Au/SLG; FTO/ZnO/CsPbI₃/Cu₂O/Au/SLG and FTO/CsSnI₃/Cu₂O/Au/SLG heterojunction. For that, we have studied the impact of the thickness in the electrical parameters of CsPbI₃ in the first time; CH₃NH₃SnI₃ in the second time and CsSnI₃ in the third time. After thickness variation, we have optimized and done a comparative study of those three perovskites solar cells in energetics, environmental and economic aspects. The absorbers thin films are varying between 500 nm and 2500 nm by using SCAPS_1D software to study the impact of this variation in the solar cell efficiency, the fill factor, the open circuit voltage and the short circuit current density. This work allows us to obtain 26.08% of efficiency and 81.07% for fill factor with 900 nm optimum thickness of CH₃NH₃SnI₃ thin film perovskite solar cell. With the CsPbI₃ we have obtain 23.21% for the efficiency and 83.26% for fill factor at 1657 nm optimum thickness. And with CsSnI₃, an efficiency of 24.76% and 81.04% are obtain at 1131 nm optimum thickness. The energetic comparison shows that the CH₃NH₃SnI₃ have the best efficiency but CsPbI₃ have the best quality. The efficiency of CsSnI₃is better than the CsPbI₃. The CH₃NH₃SnI₃is a volatile substance. If we can find a way to stabilized the tin in CsSnI3 perovskite solar cell, it represents a best choice than CsPbI3 which is toxic and CH₃NH₃SnI₃ which is volatile. Our comparative study allows us to show that we can substitute tin by Antimoine, Bismuth or Germanium and varying other parameters to resolve the stability, reduce toxicity aspect and optimize more the electrical parameters. This study shows also that we can use less material and optimize more the electrical performances of the perovskite solar cells.