The Public Distribution System (PDS) serves as a cornerstone of India’s food security framework, functioning as a state-led mechanism to ensure the availability of essential commodities to vulnerable populations at subsidized rates. Public Distribution System operates through a joint responsibility of central and state governments, with states playing a critical role in implementation, beneficiary identification, and last-mile delivery . This study presents a comparative analysis of the PDS in the states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, focusing on their strategies, implementation mechanisms, and socio-economic impact. The analysis reveals that both states have made significant strides in strengthening PDS delivery through reforms such as digitization, improved supply chain management, and expansion of coverage. Odisha’s PDS has shown notable improvements in access and efficiency, although concerns remain regarding the quality and adequacy of food grains supplied . In contrast, Andhra Pradesh has emerged as a frontrunner in technological innovation, particularly through Aadhaar-based authentication, point-of-sale devices, and end-to-end digital tracking systems aimed at reducing leakages and enhancing transparency . Additionally, Andhra Pradesh’s integrated supply chain approach links multiple stakeholders—from procurement to distribution—ensuring a more coordinated delivery framework . Despite these advancements, both states continue to face challenges such as exclusion errors, beneficiary identification issues, and disparities in service delivery. The study concludes that while Odisha emphasizes accessibility and gradual system strengthening, Andhra Pradesh demonstrates a more technology-driven and reform-oriented model. This comparative perspective highlights the importance of administrative innovation, transparency, and context-specific policy design in enhancing the effectiveness of welfare schemes and achieving sustainable food security outcomes.
Bijaya Kumar Behera (Thu,) studied this question.