The observed value of the cosmological constant is approximately 120 orders of magnitude smaller than the value expected from quantum vacuum energy. Within the standard LCDM model, this discrepancy is addressed by introducing a bare cosmological constant that cancels the vacuum energy contribution with extremely high precision. This requires fine-tuning at a level that is generally considered unnatural and unstable under changes in the underlying physical conditions, particularly during phase transitions in the early Universe. This paper presents the Rest Angular Momentum (RAM) model as an alternative framework in which the cosmological constant arises naturally without requiring fine-tuned cancellations. The central idea is to identify the total energy of the Universe with a rest angular momentum energy associated with the Hubble flow. We reformulate the first Friedmann equation in a dimensionless form. All contributions are of order 𝒪 (1), and the hierarchy problem does not arise. The cosmological constant emerges as a composite quantity consisting of kinematic, curvature, and matter terms of comparable magnitude. A key element of the RAM model is the dimensionless quantity ζ = R² H²/c², which arises naturally from the dynamics. This parameter can be interpreted as the ratio between volumetric and linear mass contributions derived from a modified Schwarzschild radius in the presence of a Hubble field. The total mass contains contributions with different scaling behaviour (∝R and ∝H²R³). Thus, the ratio scales as H²R². As shown in1, ζ is naturally associated with the observed dark-to-visible matter ratio ζ=Mdark⁄Mᵥis providing a direct connection between cosmic expansion and the observed matter ratio. The RAM framework further suggests the possibility of an intrinsic early-time accelerated expansion without introducing additional fields or parameters. This behaviour arises from the modified effective energy density and pressure and is discussed in detail elsewhere1. The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 introduces the RAM model and derives the dimensionless Friedmann equation. Section 3 discusses the geometrical continuation and its role in simplifying the cosmological equations. Section 4 analyses the cosmological constant and demonstrates how the fine-tuning problem is avoided. Section 5 presents results based on Planck data. Finally, Section 6 summarizes the main findings and outlines possible directions for future work. 1 https: //doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 18724630
H. Fürstenau (Mon,) studied this question.