The Neurosteroid Hormone Vitamin D: Modern Prospects

Vitamin D (calciferol) is a key vitamin playing an important role in the regulation of the musculoskeletal, immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for multiple brain disorders. Mounting evidence shows robust neuroprotective properties of vitamin D, as well as its ability to improve neuronal function and reduce brain disorders. Here, we focus on the latest clinical and preclinical (rodent and zebrafish) data on the role of vitamin D as a neurosteroid hormone, including its role in regulating the synthesis and functions of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors. A better insight into the role of vitamin D in brain function may lead to novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency-related brain disorders.