What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to analyze surface urban heat patterns in Ulsan, South Korea.

May 7, 2026Open Access

Spatial Analysis of Urban Heat Islands in Ulsan using Machine Learning and R

Key Points

This research aims to analyze surface urban heat patterns in Ulsan, South Korea.
Utilized Landsat 8–9 OLI/TIRS imagery for temperature mapping
Applied ArcGIS Pro for spatial analysis
Employed R-based statistical modelling to evaluate temperature-vegetation relationships
Identified urban heat islands and their spatial distribution in Ulsan
Mapped relationships between land surface temperature and NDVI
Clarified the methodology and limitations in the revised analysis.

Abstract

Independent undergraduate research report. This report presents a preliminary spatial analysis of surface urban heat patterns in Ulsan, South Korea, using Landsat 8–9 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 Level-2 imagery, ArcGIS Pro, and R-based statistical modelling. Land Surface Temperature and NDVI were mapped to examine the relationship between vegetation density and surface temperature across the city. Version 2 note: This revised version clarifies the methodological framing of the statistical analysis, adds limitations, corrects wording relating to the NDVI/LST relationship, and identifies the work as an independent undergraduate research report. The main research question, data source, and findings remain unchanged.

Spatial Analysis of Urban Heat Islands in Ulsan using Machine Learning and R

Key Points

Abstract

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