Libraries in the States of the Shaybanids and Ashtarkhanids

This article, based on scientific sources, covers the formation of library culture in Mawarannahr and Khorasan during the Shaybanid (1500-1599) and Ashtarkhanid (1599-1756) periods, the activities of palace libraries, book traditions, and the development of calligraphy and miniature schools. The article extensively analyzes the influence of political stability during the period of these two dynasties on the development of science and literature, the structure of libraries, the activities of their main officials - librarians, muqaddams, and munshi, as well as the role of libraries in the cultural life of that period.