Driving rural sustainability through community-based cultural tourism by identifying key determinants and policy implications

This study aims to identify and analyze the key determinants shaping the development of community-based cultural tourism (CBCT) in rural areas. A mixed-method design was employed, integrating qualitative thematic analysis with quantitative structural modeling to ensure methodological rigor and provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The research instrument underwent thorough validity and reliability testing, confirming its robustness. The findings indicate that CBCT development is strongly influenced by five critical dimensions: governance and policy frameworks, socio-cultural dynamics, infrastructure-related factors, environmental considerations, and economic drivers. Together, these dimensions play a central role in empowering communities, strengthening cultural assets, and supporting sustainable tourism practices. The study concludes that incorporating these factors into rural tourism planning and policy-making is essential for promoting sustainable, inclusive, and culturally grounded CBCT initiatives.