EtOH ‐Solvated Iron Nanoparticles‐Catalyzed Green Synthesis of Quinoline Scaffolds

ABSTRACT The quinoline and its derivatives are a significant group of heterocyclic compounds that have numerous applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, materials science, and fine chemicals. There has thus been a lot of interest in developing effective, sustainable, and environmentally safe synthetic methods to quinoline frameworks. In that regard, ethanol‐solvated iron nanoparticles (EtOH‐solvated FeNPs) have come as quite promising heterogeneous catalytic systems due to their low prices, abundance on Earth, magnetic retrieval, and low environmental effects. This review gives an excellent overview of the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and catalytic properties of the EtOH‐solvated FeNPs in quinoline and its derivatives building. The focus is put on their application in catalyzing important quinoline‐containing reactions, such as multi‐component condensations, cyclization reactions, and oxidative coupling reactions, under green and mild reaction conditions. The mechanistic mechanism of FeNPs‐catalyzed pathways, the reusability of the catalyst, and structure–activity correlation are critically reviewed to feature the merit of ethanol solvation in improving the catalytic power and stability. In addition, the review contrasts EtOH‐solvated Fe NP catalysis with traditional homogeneous and heterogeneous systems highlighting its outcome in terms of increased reaction efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability. The limitations, the possibilities, and present difficulties of Fe nanoparticle‐based catalysis to produce quinoline are also discussed. Generally, this review is expected to develop EtOH‐solvated FeNPs into a highly general and environmentally friendly catalytic system to synthesize quinoline derivatives in a sustainable manner.