Purpose Digital Technologies of Industry 4.0 (DTI4.0) have revolutionized decision-making processes, while Lean 4.0 (L4.0) has evolved to support continuous improvement and enhance integration with Logistics 4.0 (LG4.0). Recent studies indicate that L4.0 represents a transformation of traditional lean practices, reconfigured to meet the demands of DTI4.0, enabling firms to address challenges related to speed, complexity, and operational efficiency. However, despite the growing interest in these paradigms, there remains a lack of comprehensive empirical research examining the interrelationships and combined effects of L4.0, DTI4.0, and LG4.0. This study investigates how L4.0 influences both DTI4.0 and LG4.0, with a particular focus on the automotive and aerospace industries. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical framework was developed and empirically tested using survey data from 378 Mexican manufacturing firms, analyzed through Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings The findings reveal that the simultaneous implementation of L4.0 and DTI4.0 significantly enhances LG4.0 activities. Furthermore, the results confirm that DTI4.0 plays a mediating role in the relationship between L4.0 and LG4.0, offering both theoretical insights and practical implications for firms navigating digital transformation in production and logistics. Originality/value The paper addresses an important gap by proposing a conceptual framework that enhances the comprehension of the intricate relationships between L4.0, DTI4.0, and LG4.0, with particular emphasis on their adoption and reciprocal effects. In addition, the paper provides strong empirical insights that contribute to resolving inconsistencies in the literature concerning the mediating function of Industry 4.0 in linking Lean 4.0 with Logistics 4.0.
Gonzalo Maldonado Guzman (Tue,) studied this question.