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May 7, 2026International Journal of Hydrogen EnergyOpen Access

Enhancing cold self-start of a PEM fuel cell stack using adaptive voltage, stoichiometry and oxygen enrichment strategies

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Authors

GRG. Montaner RíosUniversidad de ZaragozaFBF. BeckerDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)CGC. GentnerDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

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Implication

Randomized trial evaluates cold start performance in PEM fuel cells, indicating improved reliability in extreme conditions.

Key Points

  • The aim is to enhance the cold self-start performance of PEM fuel cells at low temperatures using adaptive strategies.
  • Investigated cold self-start of a 4-kW PEMFC stack at temperatures down to −20 °C.
  • Evaluated effects of adaptive voltage and cathode stoichiometry on start-up parameters.
  • Tested oxygen enrichment levels (35 % and 100 %) to assess impact on start-up time and ice formation.
  • At −20 °C, start-up time reduces from 21 s with air to 6 s with 35 % oxygen and 3 s with 100 % oxygen.
  • The optimal benefit in start-up time occurs at 35 % oxygen, showing the most significant improvement per increase in oxygen.
  • Adaptive strategies mitigate ice formation and enhance overall performance reliability.

Cite This Study

Ríos et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fc2c4b8b49bacb8b347e1bhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.155330
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Effects of Water Removal on the Performance Degradation of PEMFCs Repetitively Brought to <0°C2004 · 145 citations
  2. 2Technical review of commercial LT-PEMFC technologies: Performance, applications and challenges2025 · 21 citations