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To address the question in the subtitle of this article, we start by discussing earlier mobile communication systems, beginning with the first analog wireless cellular standards, then moving on to second generation (2G) or Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), passing third generation (3G) and fourth generation (4G), and proceeding to fifth generation (5G). First, we present each generation's key achievements in terms of user services, each generation's technologyrelated factors of success (called innovations) as well as its relation to regulation, and each generation's potential deficiencies.
David et al. (Wed,) studied this question.